The first fifty years of Europe’s twentieth century were racked by violence, bloodshed and extraordinary political, economic, and socio-cultural changes. Between 1914 and 1918, an […]
Introduction: What Was Europe’s “Interwar Crisis”?
German Troops March Into Austria (1938)
In March 1938, Adolf Hitler began his expansionist program of uniting “Greater Germany” by invading, occupying, and ultimately annexing Austria to the Third Reich. Explicitly […]
Woodie Guthrie, “All You Fascists Bound to Lose” (1944)
Woodie Guthrie was an influential American folk singer, communist, and outspoken anti-fascist during between the 1940s and 1960s. In 1944, the year before the end […]
“Bella Ciao” (1943-1945)
During the Second World War, as the Allies were making their way northwards up the Italian peninsula, the Italian partisan resistance began carrying out guerilla-style […]
“Night and Fog” (1956)
Directed by Alain Resnais, Night and Fog (Nuit et brouillard) is a 1956 French documentary on Nazi Germany’s concentration, labor, and extermination camps during the […]
The Founding of the United Nations (1945)
In June 1945, the representatives from 46 nations gathered in San Francisco to debate and, ultimately, vote on the United Nations Charter, which marked the […]